Giant tubular adenoma of the breast in a child female – Case report / Adenoma tubular gigante de mama en mujer adolescente – caso clínico

Tubular adenoma of the breast is one of the rarest benign tumors and little is known about this entity. Some cases of giant tubular adenoma of breast have been reported, but till the moment the largest lesion described in literature was a case of a 18 cm tubular adenoma in 31-year-old women. In this case report of a 12-year-old patient, we present the largest giant tubular adenoma of the breast ever described. It was an atypical presentation, not only due to the tumor size, but also due to the absence of a clear cleavage plan with the breast tissue in the physical exam and its rapid growth. (AU)

El adenoma tubular de mama es uno de los tumores benignos más raros y poco se conoce sobre esta entidad. Se han reportado algunos casos de adenoma tubular gigante de mama, pero hasta el momento la lesión más grande descrita en la literatura fue un caso de adenoma tubular de 18 cm en una mujer de 31 años. En este caso clínico de una paciente de 12 años, presentamos el adenoma tubular gigante de mama más grande jamás descrito. Fue una presentación atípica, no solo por el tamaño del tumor, sino también por la ausencia de un plan de clivaje claro con el tejido mamario en el examen físico y su rápido crecimiento. (AU)

The future of insular beaches: Insights from a past-to-future sediment budget approach.

Sustainable management of insular beaches, that are critical to tourism-based economies, depends on sound understanding of coastal evolution drivers. However, interconnections among geological, oceanographical, biological and human key-drivers of coastal change, operating at relevant spatial and temporal scales, remains poorly understood. This work aims at understanding and quantifying the main drivers of insular beaches evolution using a past-to-future sediment budget approach, and to address future coastal impacts raised by anthropogenic interventions and climate change. This approach was developed in Porto Santo's beach from the early 20th century to the middle 21st century. Results show that anthropic activities undertaken during the late 20th century perturbed the existing long-term (natural) coastal stability. They caused significant reduction of the main sediment source (river sediment yield) and increased sediment sinks (e.g. sediment extraction from beach, harbour sedimentation). Altogether, this resulted in the onset of an erosive trend that persists until present. Projecting patterns of coastal change into the forthcoming decades strongly depends on sediment management strategies. We show that the adoption of a neutral strategy (i.e. compensating for anthropogenic-induced losses with beach nourishment) will not be enough to cease beach erosion, given the negative impacts related to acceleration of future sea level rise. Still, maintenance of the socioeconomic values of Porto Santo's beach can be achieved by triggering positive anthropic influences on its sediment budget. The past-to-future sediment budget approach proposed herein provided a unified perspective on the evolution of the main drivers of coastal change and simultaneously offers foundations for adaptations strategies aiming at increasing sustainability of insular beaches.

Pilares REA [Cinco Pilares dos Recursos Educacionais Abertos]

Infográfico criado por Repositório Aberto de Portugal que procura ilustrar, de forma clara, gráfica e objetiva os cinco pilares da filosofia dos Recurso Educacionais Abertos.